Scharfli jet propulsion laboratory, pasadena, ca, 91 109, usa. Formation flying spacecraft by louis scott breger submitted to the department of aeronautics and astronautics on may 21, 2004, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of master of science in aeronautics and astronautics abstract formation flying is an enabling technology for many future space missions. Distributed spacecraft formation flying dsff is a new technology in space mission design, aiming at replacing large satellites with multiple small satellites. Coordinating smaller satellites has many benefits over single satellites including simpler designs, faster build times, cheaper replacement creating higher redundancy, unprecedented high resolution, and the ability to view. Ploen jet propulsion laboratory, california institute of technology, pasadena, ca 911098099. This paper addresses the derivation of analytical impulsive and piecewise continuous solutions for the control of spacecraft formation. A concept for in space, systemlevel validation of spacecraft precision formation flying jesse leitner j. Use features like bookmarks, note taking and highlighting while reading spacecraft formation flying. Adaptive controller design for spacecraft formation flying using sliding mode controller and neural networks journal of the franklin institute, vol. This thesis addresses two spacecraft formation flying control challenges. J2modified gvebased mpc for formation flying spacecraft. Dynamics, control and navigation elsevier astrodynamics kindle edition by kyle alfriend, srinivas rao vadali, pini gurfil, jonathan how, louis breger. Rigorously, i is the inclination of spacecraft 1 i. A coordination architecture for spacecraft formation control.
Among the various technical challenges involved in spacecraft formation flying, the reconfiguration problem represents a key aspect that has been intensively studied over the last years 2. In section iii, we demonstrate the application of this architecture to the problem of synthesizing a deep space, free flying, multiple spacecraft interferometer. Fig 10 force components due to centrally located shepherd satellite. Since formation flying is dependent upon state coupling in spacecraft control laws, the intended use of a reference trajec. Abstractformation flying is defined as a set of more than one spacecraft whose states are coupled through a common control law. To overcome the difficulty in manual parameters adjustment, a modified biogeographybased optimization mbbo algorithm is employed by transforming the parameters tuning into an. The four spacecraft are just six miles apart, flying in whats called a tetrahedral formation, with each spacecraft at the.
Decentralized scheme for spacecraft formation flying via. This paper is the first comprehensive spacecraft formation flying guidance ffg survey. The idea is to introduce a set of waypoints through which the space craft are required to pass, combined with parameterizations of the. Mission performancemeasures for spacecraft formation flying. Read spacecraft formation flying dynamics, control and navigation by kyle alfriend available from rakuten kobo. Pdf adaptive learning control for spacecraft formation flying. All homework should be submitted electronically on the canvas web site as a single pdf document. Slotine massachusetts institute of technology, cambridge, massachusetts 029. Once the initial formation has been achieved, the orbits of both spacecraft evolve naturally under the.
In this scheme, formation flying spacecraft are used to realise absolute orbit determination when orbiting around mars. Precision formation flying science, technology and society. Nonlinear passivitybased adaptive control of spacecraft formation flying steve ulrich 1 abstract in this paper, a nonlinear output feedback adaptive control system for spacecraft formation ying is developed. Specifically, formation flying refers to a set of distributed spacecraft with the ability to interact and cooperate with each other.
In this paper, the concept of spacecraft propulsion using lorentz force is investigated for leo formation flying. To guarantee the practical implementation of sff, it is required to perform valid control of relative position between the spacecraft. Formation flying techniques and space vehicle autonomy will revolutionize space and earth science missions and enable many small, inexpensive satellites to fly in formation and gather concurrent science data. An improvement in the technology of precision formation flying of spacecraft is necessary for future success of external occulters and many future space. The authors 2020 for formation flying spacecraft with. The potential of spacecraft formation flying as space platform to carry out such mission in the light of small spacecrafts technological progress and availability leads the study to focus into two. In addition, five new approaches for tracking control of relative translational motion between two spacecraft in a leaderfollower formation are derived. Nonlinear passivitybased adaptive control of spacecraft. Nanjing university of astronautics and aeronautics nuaa, china 2. Deep space formation flying spacecraft path planning. However, the coordination and control of such instruments present many design challenges. Dynamics, control and navigation space agencies are now realizing that much of what has previously been. Nasa goddard space flight center, greenbelt, md, 2077l, usa asif ahmeds fred y. Using precision dual spacecraft alignment, very long focal lengths can be achieved by locating the optics on one spacecraft and the detector on the other.
Abstract differential carrier phase gps for orbit and attitude determination is emerging as a very promising low cost alternative to more conventional methods, such as horizon sensors, sun sensors, magnetometers, and star trackers. Spacecraft formation flying by kyle alfriend overdrive. Publications on geodesy 61 ncg nederlandse commissie voor geodesie netherlands geodetic commission delft, march 2006 precise relative positioning of formation flying spacecraft using gps remco kroes. Asen 6014 spacecraft formation flying fall 2019 instructor. Formation flying is defined as a set of more than one spacecraft whose states are coupled through a common control law.
The key challenge of this approach, namely ensuring the proper formation flying of multiple craft, is the topic of this second volume in elseviers astrodynamics series, spacecraft formation. Bristows technical research interests include mission design, autonomous spacecraft control and space vehicle formation flying. Spacecraft formation flying ebook by kyle alfriend. Nasas magnetospheric multiscale mission shown here in an artist concept flies through the. Regarding multiple spacecraft formation flying, the observation has been made that control thrust need only be applied coplanar to the local horizon to achieve. Spacecraft alignment determination and control for dual. Schiff says, first, aircraft flying in formation above earth enjoy the control afforded by the atmospherethat is, lift and drag. Abstract carrierphase di erential gps cdgps for orbit and attitude determination is emerging as a very promising low cost alternative to more conventional methods, such as sun sensors, magnetometers, and star trackers. The guidance, navigation, and control center gncc at the goddard space flight center. This paper investigates the problem of feedback parameters design in the trajectory tracking controller of sff. We also demonstrate how the virtual structure approach to coordination can be implemented in this architecture. How aerospace controls laboratory, massachusetts institute of technology contents 8.
To encourage exchange between these fields, we include a brief overview of robotic path planning after surveying ds and poe ffg. Unscented kalman filter for multiple spacecraft formation flying. Pdf spacecraft formation flying control design for the. Propellantless spacecraft formation flying and maneuvering with photonic laser thrusters. With notable benefits such as low cost, high efficiency and great flexibility, sff expands the functions of a traditional single spacecraft 2, 3. Pdf deep space formation flying spacecraft path planning. A second class of space missions that is enabled by gnss relative navigation is represented by spacecraft formationflying. Spacecraft formation flying near sunearth l lagrange. Jan 11, 2020 the problem of controlling the relative position and velocity in multi spacecraft formation flying in the planetary orbits is an enabling technology for current and future research. Formation flying is performed to do low frequency, large scale controls. Four mms spacecraft achieve tightest flying formation ever. The national aeronautics and space administration nasa is testing some new formation flying techniques that will enable two or more spacecraft to maintain very precise and stable positions relative to each other.
Deep space formation flying spacecraft path planning abstract efficient algorithms for collisionfree energy suboptimal path planning for formations of spacecraft flying in deep space are presented. Spacecraft formation flying, cooperative control, optimal control, collision avoidance, optimal cooperative control introduction cooperative control of nonlinear multiagent system has received increasing research in recent years especially for the spacecraft formation flying sff sys. Ds3 is such a concept for a separated spacecraft optical interferometer figure 1. Spacecraft formation flying dynamics and control using the.
This thesis focuses on the particular challenges posed by missions designed for leo and heo. Instead, a suite of spacecraft, flying in formation and connected by highspeed communications could create a very large virtual science instrument. Relative motion of formation flying with elliptical reference orbit hany r dwidar and ashraf h. The interferometer instrument would be distributed over three small spacecraft. Observabilitybased mars autonomous navigation using. Our positioning system and the technology developed through this proposal has the potential to vastly improve the capabilities of formation flying. Spacecraft formation flying near sunearth l2 lagrange point. The advantage is that the virtual structure could be made to any size.
A survey of spacecraft formation flying guidance and. In section iii, we demonstrate the application of this architecture to the problem of synthesizing a deepspace, free flying, multiple spacecraft interferometer. Spacecraft formation ying is an enabling technology for many future space science mis sions, such as separated spacecraft interferometers ssi. Spacecraft formation flying using lorentz forces request pdf. Download it once and read it on your kindle device, pc, phones or tablets.
Technologies for spacecraft formation flying stanford university. Intended for graduate students, professors and academic researchers in the fields of aerospace and mechanical engineering, mathematics, astronomy and astrophysics, spacecraft formation flying is a technical yet accessible, forwardthinking guide to this critical area of astrodynamics. Owis department of astronomy, space and meteorology, faculty of science, cairo university abstractin this paper we present the optimal control of the relative motion of formation. With the rapid practical applications for spacecraft. Bevilacqua university of florida, gainesville, florida 326116250. A triangular spacecraft formation configuration is used to simulate and validate. Proximity operations of formationflying spacecraft using. Model predictive control for formation flying spacecraft.
Pdfuzzy formation control for spacecraft formation flying in. A coordination architecture for spacecraft formation. Dependent on the formation mission, various degrees of position accuracy is. Eo1, managed by goddard space flight center in greenbelt, maryland, will test some of these new technologies by flying in formation with the new landsat7 earthimaging satellite, which was launched in april 1999. Relative orbital model for spacecraft in formation flying. Nasa spacecraft fly in recordsetting formation science. Modeling and control of formation flying satellites in 6 dof. Distributed coordination and control of formation flying.
Defining spacecraft formation in terms of a multiagent system mas enables the integration of automatic reasoning functions into a distributed model of architecture. Space agencies are now realizing that much of what has previously been achieved using hugely complex and costly single p. A survey of spacecraft formation flying guidance and control. Spacecraft formation flying control sylvain cadic1,2 xu bo1, lu yuping1 1. For baselines more than about a dozen meters, precision formation flying becomes the only feasible option. How mit department of aeronautics and astronautics formation.
Sep 21, 2016 thats why the spacecraft had to fly in such tight formation. Iowa state university, ames, iowa 50011 and umair ahsun and jeanjacques e. Decentralized scheme for spacecraft formation flying via the. Survey on guidance navigation and control requirements for.
Satellite formation flying is the concept that multiple satellites can work together in a group to accomplish the objective of one larger, usually more expensive, satellite. For spacecraft formation flying sff missions, effective control of relative motion is a critical issue. Spacecraft formation flying reconfiguration with extended. Spacecraft formation flying dynamics and control using the geomagnetic lorentz force shu tsujii, mai bando, and hiroshi yamakawa graduate school of engineering, kyoto university, gokasho, uji, kyoto 6110011, japan. The key challenge of this approach, namely ensuring the proper formation flying of multiple craft, is the topic of this second volume in elseviers astrodynamics series, spacecraft formation flying. Distributed coordination and control of formation flying spacecraft michael tillerson, louis breger, and jonathan p. Pdf technologies for spacecraft formation flying jonathan.
Control parameters design of spacecraft formation flying. Two approaches to formation flying nasa space place. In deep space, formation flying would enable variablebaseline, interferometers that could probe the origin and structure of stars and galaxies with high precision. A survey of spacecraft formation flying guidance and control part i. Application of synchronization to formation flying spacecraft. Tracking control of spacecraft formation flying with. Onboard gps signal augmentation for spacecraft formation flying. Enabling spacecraft formation flying through spaceborne gps and. Model predictive control of swarms of spacecraft using. Visual positioning system for the formation flying of. Pdf unscented kalman filter for multiple spacecraft.
This paper provides a comprehensive survey of spacecraft formation flying. Relative navigation accuracy requirements for the eo1 and l7 formation formation flying refers to the coordinated control of a group of satellites such that the satellite positions relative to a reference position e. The spacecraft is assumed to be a rigid body, and the reference orbital coordinate system is denoted by x r, y r, z r, with its origin at the centroid of the reference spacecraft. Pdfuzzy formation control for spacecraft formation flying in elliptical orbits aerospace science and technology, vol. Spacecraft formation flying in the porthamiltonian framework. For a set of autonomous spacecraft flying in formation ff, group management introduces some additional complexity, especially regarding global command and control. A pdfuzzy associated control method is presented for formation control of spacecraft formation flying in elliptical orbits, on the basis of twobody. Here by the term guidance we mean both path planning i. Satellite formation flying design and evolution journal. Down on earth, airplanes can fly much closer together than that but they have a big advantage over mms. Abstract formation ying of multiple spacecraft is an enabling technology for many future space science missions. Application of synchronization to formation flying. Four mms spacecraft achieve tightest flying formation ever nasa.
Formation flying of multiple spacecraft is an enabling technology for many future space missions, and the global positioning system gps will. Adaptive learning control for spacecraft formation flying conference paper pdf available in proceedings of the ieee conference on decision and control 2. The first book dedicated to spacecraft formation flying, written by leading. Formation reconfiguration pertains to the achievement of a specific relative orbit in a defined time interval given an initial formation configuration. Model predictive control with open and closedloop robustness louis breger, gokhan inalhan, michael tillerson, and jonathan p. Spacecraft formation flying sff is a significant technology for certain space missions. Control parameters design of spacecraft formation flying via. Each poses unique challenges to the present stateoftheart in spacecraft orbit design and control. Modeling and control of formation flying satellites in 6 dof oppgavens tekst. A formation flying sensor that can determine spacecraft separation with a maximum uncertainty of 2 cm, measure the bearing angles of the remote spacecraft with a maximum uncertainty of a minute of. Distributed adaptive attitude synchronization for spacecraft formation flying with sampleddata information flows journal of the franklin institute, vol. Relative positioning of satellites in formations is an important control problem within the field of satellite formation flight. Specically, the proposed approach addresses the problem of controlling a chaser spacecraft. A survey of spacecraft formation flying guidance and control part.